Constructing Duplication Progenitor Chromosomes

In order to screen for the Dp(1;Y) chromosomes described in the Bloomington Duplication Project overview, we first needed to generate attached-XY chromosomes carrying X chromosome inversions. We used the FLP-FRT system as described by Golic and Golic (1996) and stocks generated by the DrosDel Project in the following steps.

Recombining medial FRT-bearing P insertions onto an attached-XY chromosome

We used meiotic recombination to place medial P{RS5} insertions onto an attached-XY chromosome called C(1;Y)N12.

Recombining medial FRT-bearing P insertions onto an attached-XY chromosome

C(1;Y)N12 is marked with B[S] at the tip of its Y chromosome. Its X chromosome carries all X-linked genes except the heterochromatic bobbed gene.

Recombining a distal FRT-bearing P insertion onto each attached-XY chromosome

A P{RS3} insertion near the distal X tip was then placed on each chromosome using meiotic recombination.

Progenitor 2
Rearranging the FRT-bearing P insertions using FLP recombinase

Each chromosome was combined with a genomic source of FLP recombinase to induce internal rearrangements within the P{RS3} and P{RS5} elements.  This disrupted the miniwhite markers.

Rearranging the FRT-bearing P insertions using FLP recombinase
Inducing inversions using FLP recombinase

Each chromosome was combined with a genomic source of FLP recombinase again to induce chromosomal inversions and reconstitute miniwhite at the distal inversion breakpoint.

Inducing inversions using FLP recombinase
Alternative scheme

We made most of the inversion + attached-XY chromosomes as shown above, but a few were made by an alternative, more efficient method. Internal rearrangements were induced in the progenitor P{RS3} and P{RS5} insertions to disrupt the miniwhite marker, as illustrated above. The rearranged insertions were combined in females where meiotic recombination could occur to place the insertions in cis. These females were crossed to males carrying a genomic source of FLP recombinase. FLP recombinase-expressing progeny bearing recombinant chromosomes were identified from their red mitotic eye clones. In most cases, inversions were recovered directly from these individuals as red-eyed progeny. Once inversions were recovered, they were placed on C(1;Y)N12 by meiotic recombination.

Reference

R. Kimberley Cook, Megan E. Deal, Jennifer A. Deal, Russell D. Garton, C. Adam Brown, Megan E. Ward, Rachel S. Andrade, Eric P. Spana, Thomas C. Kaufman and Kevin R. Cook (2010) "A New Resource for Characterizing X-Linked Genes in Drosophila melanogaster: Systematic Coverage and Subdivision of the X Chromosome With Nested, Y-Linked Duplications" Genetics 186: 1095 - 1109.